
Colocalization refers to different data analysis methods to characterize the degree of overlap between Two Channels in an image (conventionally called R and G channels, or red and green channels, independently of the WaveLength they have actually registered). A typical application in fluorescence microscopy is to study the presence of two labeled targets in the same region of a cell.
For an accessible introduction see Colocalization Coefficients and Colocalization Basics.
Mind that Blur And Noise Affect Colocalization.
See Colocalization Analyzer and Colocalization Theory for more details.
Notice that the Object Analyzer in the Huygens Software also provides colocalization measurements at the object level. The Colocalization Analyzer works more at the level of the whole image, despite some local statistics of the colocalizing regions can be easily retrieved.
Both analyzers work, in this sense, in complementary ways.